Effect of photodynamic therapy on Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans compared to diode laser activated nanoparticle herbal irrigants,

Document Type : Review article

Authors

1 Restorative and dental material department, oral and dental research institute, National research center, Doki, Giza, Egypt

2 Laser Institute for Research and Applications LIRA, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt

3 Professor of restorative Dentistry-Faculty of dentistry- Sinai University

4 Restorative and Dental Materials Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

Abstract

E. faecalis is the most frequently found isolated bacteria after endodontic retreatment of apical periodontitis (Garg P. 2014), while candida albicans is more common in infected canals and peri-radicular tissues and seen in 18% of the retreatment infections (Ashraf H. 2007). Sodium hypochlorite is considered the gold standard for irrigation of root canal treatment (Clegg MS. 2006). Drawbacks of NaOCl irrigant include allergic reactions, tissue toxicity, instrument corrosion, periapical tissue irritation, the limitations in removing smear layers, and an unwanted taste and smell (Garg P. 2014). So alternatative disinfection irrigant is required. Herbal medicine emerged as a therapeutic agent due to its biodegradability, nontoxicity, and cost-effectiveness (Pujar M. 2011).
Neem is used for root canal irrigation because of its greater efficacy (Biswas K. 2002). Curcumin, the main yellow bioactive component of Curcuma longa (C. longa) exhibits many anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties (Neelakantan P. 2011). Synthesization of curcumin herbal nanoparticles was done by application of nanotechnology. The goal of this review is to illustrate whether herbal irrigants in the nanoform have an effect on enterococcus faecalis and candida albicans in comparison to standard sodium hypochlorite irrigant. Another aim is to compare herbal irrigants in the nanoform have an effect on enterococcus faecalis and candida albicans with and without activation by diode laser compared to photodynamic therapy utilizing methylene blue as photosensitizer.

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